Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is not only a central molecule in biology but also the genetic blueprint for many viruses, including Influenza A. The function of many RNAs is increasingly understood to be governed by their secondary and tertiary structures, yet the detailed understanding of these structures, particularly in viral genomes, remains elusive. This project aims to fill this gap by leveraging state-of-the-art molecular simulations integrated with experimental data to unravel the structure and dynamics of Influenza A viral RNA. Our approach involves developing and refining methodologies that combine molecular simulations with chemical probing and cross-linking experiments, which will be applied to both model systems and viral RNAs of increasing complexity. A critical aspect of this work is the novel modelling of the physical interactions in these probing experiments and the hierarchical construction of RNA structures. To complement our theoretical approach, new chemical probing experiments will be executed by our collaborators. This project not only promises to deliver groundbreaking insights into RNA biology but also aims to advance general-purpose computational tools with broad applicability in computational biology. By enhancing our understanding of viral RNA dynamics, this work has the potential to inform the development of new antiviral strategies, thereby offering significant contributions to public health.